1. that the international community has declared through different instruments and resolutions that the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents is a particularly serious violation of human rights, and that among such instruments the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), signed and ratified by all participating countries, constitutes the most important action framework for the protection of child and adolescent rights as it recognises children and adolescents as full subjects under the law.
2. that the CRC establishes guidelines and principles for the development and orientation of social policies for integrated protection and the universalisation of policies in health, education and the strengthening of families to protect the integrated development of children and adolescents and to guarantee to all people their basic rights, and that these universal public policies are the best mechanism for the prevention and eradication of commercial and non-commercial sexual exploitation.
3. that the CRC should be considered alongside the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Sanction and Eradication of Violence Against Women (Convention of Belem do Pará), which constitute the legal framework in the fight against gender violence, given that the sexual exploitation of children affects children and adolescents of both sexes, with a disproportionate incidence among young and adolescent girls as these are caught up in the unequal power relations between the genders.
4. that commercial sexual exploitation and other forms of sexual violence are violations of the rights of children and adolescents and are threats to their dignity, freedom and development, for which reason it is a matter of urgency to promote and adopt a culture of zero tolerance towards these practices, so guaranteeing the protection and restitution of the rights of the victims.
5. that crimes against sexual integrity and freedom include sexual abuse, incest, rape and any other form of sexual conduct performed under incitement or coercion for the purpose of obtaining profit or pleasure from children and adolescents, and that commercial sexual exploitation concerns transactions remunerated in money or in kind and involves using a child in sexual activities in return for money or any other payment, as well as pornography, sex tourism and child-trafficking.
6. that commercial and non-commercial sexual exploitation are distinct forms of sexual violence requiring specific methods of intervention.
7. that in 1996, of the 122 Governments signatory to the Declaration and Agenda for Action of the 1^st World Congress against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Stockholm, Sweden, 20 countries were from the Latin America-Caribbean Region.
8. that the Declaration of Stockholm included specific political commitments and a concrete Plan of Action which established the following priority areas to guide national action:
   
1. Coordination and cooperation (local, national, regional and international)
2. Prevention
3. Protection
4. Recovery and Reintegration into the Community
5. Participation from children and adolescents
   
9. that in December 2001 the Second World Congress dealing with these issues, the 2^nd World Congress against Sexual Exploitation of Children will be held in Yokahoma, Japan, in which event the countries concerned are to present their progress in putting into action the Stockholm Plan of Action.
10. that the reports presented at the Regional Governmental Congress on the Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents recognised the significant efforts of the countries concerned to combat the problem, but that only a few of the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean have developed National Action Plans and that, in several cases, such plans have not been satisfactorily carried out.
11. that the design and execution of the National Action Plans are vital indicators in measuring the region’s progress towards the goals of the Stockholm Plan of Action and that their development in each country is thus a matter of great importance.
12. that a greater distribution of resources is necessary for the Action Plans to be appropriately formed and implemented.
13. that several countries have carried out studies into the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and that there is a scarcity of databases to facilitate the diffusion and systematisation of the knowledge generated and the information gathered.
14. that most of the studies have not looked in depth in the motives of clients/sex offenders nor at ways of discouraging demand.
15. that most countries in the Latin America and the Caribbean Countries (LACR) have revised their national legislation in accordance to CRC, but that it is necessary to continue adapting national legislation to international treaties on human rights, in particular penal codes and penal procedures, in order to protect children and adolescents from commercial and non-commercial sexual exploitation and to punish sex offenders effectively.
16. that improved and amplified regional and international cooperation between countries is essential to combat the problem effectively and that this will necessarily involve National Police Forces working on these issues.
17. that preventative action, especially regarding public information and awareness campaigns, in order to be effective should: a) consider the cultural and social contexts which shape the sexual identities of men and women; and b) publicise the severity of the problem as a violation of the rights of children and adolescents.
18. that the empowerment of children and adolescents in guaranteeing their full participation as defenders of their own rights is essential for the prevention of and protection from child sexual exploitation, whilst it is still recognised that it is adults who are responsible for the prevention of violence.
19. that international cooperation in the form of financial and technical assistance, particularly from agencies and programmes within the UN, the Organization of American States and other organizations within the Inter-American system, as well as support from multilateral financial organizations and non-governmental organizations, has made a positive impact on the Governments’ progress towards the fulfilment of their commitments.
20. that the impact of sexually-transmitted diseases, especially HIV/AIDS, is both a consequence of and an associated factor behind commercial and non-commercial sexual exploitation and that the possibility definitely exists that in the decade to come the children and adolescents of Latin America and the Caribbean will find themselves in a high-risk situation.

1. To reaffirm the importance of the Nationals Plans in combating the commercial and non-commercial exploitation of children and adolescents. We reemphasise the urgent need for the development and implementation of these, carried out in coordination with all sectors involved. The National Plans should be accompanied by a greater and permanent political will and by concrete technical and economic resources to bring about an impact on combating the problem. National Plans of Action should therefore be developed in those countries that still have not developed them.
   
2. To promote a rights-oriented approach to the theme with a gender and generational focus, based on the CRC and any other international instruments that might guarantee the integrated protection of children and adolescents affected by commercial and non-commercial sexual exploitation and the defence of their human rights. Consequently, it is necessary to fulfil existing ratified international instruments as well as to ratify those that have not as yet been ratified. ¹
   
3. To promote the strengthening and relevance of such laws and public policies as reflect or can be used in this area, in conjunction with social policies which integrate awareness, information and promotion in all aspects of the social and communal responsibilities of the population.
   
4. To identify and promote common systems of information with disaggregated databases allowing for analysis of accumulated information at regional level and evaluation and follow-up of the problem and of the political and social responses articulated against child sexual exploitation and the trafficking of children.
   
5. To solicit international cooperation and all possible support, especially from UN and OAS agencies and programmes, as well as from Multilateral Financial Organisations and international NGOs, in operationalising the stipulated recommendations.
   
6. To guarantee that in each country civil society organisations participate in the design, implementation and monitoring of the National Action Plans for the eradication of commercial exploitation of children and adolescents.

Prevention:

7. To develop, as a preventative measure, primary and secondary education policies with a gender perspective ensuring equal access and quality universal coverage for all children and adolescents, and to renew the regulations of education centres and teaching content so as to avoid academic exclusion or discouragement.
   
8. To promote actions to modify sociocultural patterns of male and female behaviour, including education programmes, so as to achieve the elimination of prejudice and habit and all other types of practice based on the superiority or inferiority of either gender or on stereotypical functions of men and women that legitimate or exacerbate violence against women and young or adolescent children, as established in [the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women and in the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women (Belem do Pará).
   
9. To continue current efforts to prevent intra-familial violence and violence against women and to comply with the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action of the 4^th World Conference on Women (Beijing 1995), and in particular the article on young girls.
   
10. To give central position in discussions and actions to the theme of clients and demand as root causes of the commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents, challenging the naturalisation of such practices and the institutional role in hiding the problem.
    
11. To develop awareness and public information campaigns at national and international level on commercial and non-commercial sexual exploitation of minors with the aim of reducing as far as possible the invisible nature of the problem, bringing about changes in cultural patterns, and raising consciousness, public opinion and the involvement of different groups in combating this problem.
    
12. To guarantee universal access to health services and socio-familiar support in the terms envisaged by the Code on Childhood and other laws approved by these countries in accordance with the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
    
13. To sensitise the political authorities and to train professional men and women working directly in programmes and services related to childhood and adolescence in order to detect high-risk situations that might lead to any form of commercial or non-commercial sexual exploitation and so to intervene in an effective manner.
    
14. To sensitise children and adolescents on the risks of commercial and non-commercial sexual exploitation through education on reproductive health, sex education, education on STDs and drug abuse.

Protection:

15. To develop within the state public policies aimed at the integrated protection of children and adolescents conceived of as subject to rights and having their full development guaranteed as established in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Protective measures should include: effective procedures and mechanisms for establishing social programmes aimed at providing whatever help necessary to children and adolescents affected by commercial and non-commercial sexual exploitation and to those who care for them. ²
    
16. To continue promoting necessary legal reforms in each country to combat commercial and non-commercial sexual exploitation as laid down by the Convention on the Rights of the Child and other international legal instruments.
    
17. To place an emphasis on the decriminalisation of child and adolescent victims; on the prosecution of the exploiters; on the establishment of the principle of extraterritoriality for such crimes; on the adoption of measures to permit the confiscation of any benefits derived from such illicit activities so as to ensure civil responsibility in favour of the victim and to strengthen means of prosecution in such crimes and the creation of mechanisms to guarantee their application and to prevent the cycle of impunity.
    
18. To continue with efforts to eradicate the production, distribution, exporting and commercialisation, transmission and advertising of child pornography and sex tourism, with the regulation and effective application of agreements on the blocking of child pornography on the internet being an essential factor.
    
19. To promote procedural reforms necessary for the establishment of "child- and adolescent-friendly legal procedures" that attend to the victims rapidly, effectively and in a manner respectful of their needs, according to their age and level of development, and that listen to the victims and restore their rights.
    
20. To promote universal registration of births, at no cost, as a measure of respect to the right of identity and citizenship and to agree mechanisms to prevent the illegal adoption of children and adolescents
    
21. To promote interregional cooperation between governments and legal authorities to ensure the effective investigation into crimes and the indictment and punishment of the exploiters.
    
22. To create operational systems and interrelations with INTERPOL within the region, to combat the trafficking of children and adolescents as well as to adopt specific rescue programmes for the victims with whatever aid is necessary.

Recovery and Reintegration into Society:

23. To privilege and guarantee the rights to family and community life within those actions aimed at children and adolescents affected by commercial and non-commercial sexual exploitation, always bearing in mind the greater interests of the child.
    
24. To develop recovery and reintegration programmes for minors affected and guaranteeing the restoration of rights from a perspective of integrated care and not of re-victimisation.
    
25. To develop and implement coordinating inter-institutional protocols and models of intervention specifically for the care of victims of commercial sexual exploitation and other forms of sexual violence, drawing global implications from those positive experiences that have been developed in the region.

Participation of children and adolescents:

26. To recognise and reaffirm the participation of children and adolescents as a n inalienable right and a key element in the fight to eradicate commercial and non-commercial sexual exploitation and so call for the strengthening of children’s and adolescents’ organisations and of the appropriate forms of empowerment and participation which guarantee full citizenship.

Research and Indicators:

27. To design and formulate indicators that recognise and differentiate cases of commercial and non-commercial sexual exploitation as well as risk factors which help to keep children in this problem situation, and to develop suitable methods for analysing the characteristics of sexual exploitation and their indicators.
    
28. To create databases which take into consideration the different aspects of the problem and allow monitoring, follow-up and the carrying out of programmes aimed at tackling commercial and non-commercial sexual exploitation, and also to provide databases on offenders and networks within each country.

Monitoring the implementation of the commitments and Plans of Action:

29. To constitute a Workgroup made up of governments, international and non-governmental organisations, charged with defining, promoting and coordinating the regional strategy and with disseminating those actions carried forward by the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. At the same time to follow up the national policies and Plans of Action and the international commitments undertaken with regard to these matters, calling for an evaluation and follow-up meeting in 2004.

In Montevideo, 9^th of November 2001.

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